Ketamine HCl
A to Z Drug Facts
Ketamine HCl |
(KEET-uh-MEEN HIGH-droe-KLOR-ide) |
Ketalar |
Class: General anesthetic |
Action Produces rapid-acting anesthetic state with profound analgesia, normal pharyngeal-laryngeal reflexes, normal or slightly enhanced skeletal muscle tone, cardiovascular and respiratory stimulation and, occasionally, transient and minimal respiratory depression.
Indications Diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation; induction of anesthesia; supplementation of low-potency agents, such as nitrous oxide.
Contraindications Schizophrenia; acute psychoses; patients in whom significant BP elevation would be serious hazard.
ADULTS & CHILDREN: INDUCTION OF ANESTHESIA: Initial: IV 14.5 mg/kg via slow infusion (over 60 sec); usual dose for 510 min anesthesia: 2 mg/kg. IM Initial: 6.513 mg/kg. Maintenance: IV/IM One-half to full induction dose, repeated as needed. Alternatively IV 0.10.5 mg/min infusion, augmented with diazepam IV 25 mg.
Halothane: Decreased cardiac output, BP and pulse. Tubocurarine and other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants: Increased neuromuscular effects, resulting in prolonged respiratory depression. INCOMPATIBILITIES: Ketamine is physically incompatible with diazepam and barbiturates.
Lab Test Interferences None well documented.
CV: Hypertension; tachycardia; hypotension; bradycardia; arrhythmia. CNS: Increased ICP. Emergence reaction: Vivid imagery; hallucinations; delirium; confusion; excitement; irrational behavior. DERM: Transient erythema; morbilliform rash. EENT: Diplopia; nystagmus; increased intraocular pressure. GI: Anorexia; nausea; vomiting; hypersalivation. RESP: Respiratory stimulation; severe respiratory depression; apnea after rapid injection; laryngospasm; other airway obstruction.
Pregnancy: Pregnancy category undetermined. Lactation: Undetermined. Hypertension or cardiac decompensation: In patients with these conditions, monitor function continuously during procedure.
PATIENT CARE CONSIDERATIONS |
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Copyright © 2003 Facts and Comparisons
David S. Tatro
A to Z Drug Facts